Genome-size evolution in fishes
نویسندگان
چکیده
Fishes possess both the largest and smallest vertebrate genomes, but the evolutionary significance of this variation is unresolved. The present study provides new genome-size estimates for more than 500 species, with a focus on the cartilaginous and ray-finned fishes. These results confirm that genomes are smaller in ray-finned than in cartilaginous fishes, with the exception of polyploids, which account for much genome-size variation in both groups. Genome-size diversity in ray-finned fishes is not related to metabolic rate, but is positively correlated with egg diameter, suggesting linkages to the evolution of parental care. Freshwater and other eurybiotic fishes have larger genomes than their marine and stenobiotic counterparts. Although genome-size diversity among the fishes appears less clearly linked to any single biological correlate than in the birds, mammals, or amphibians, this study highlights several particularly variable taxa that are suitable for further study. Résumé : Les poissons possèdent à la fois les plus grands et les plus petits génomes des vertébrés, mais la signification évolutive de cette variation n’est pas encore comprise. Nous présentons des estimations de la taille du génome de plus de 500 espèces, en particulier de poissons cartilagineux et de poissons à nageoires à rayons. Nos résultats confirment que la taille du génome est plus petite chez les poissons à nageoires à rayons que chez les poissons cartilagineux, à l’exception des polyploïdes qui expliquent une partie importante de la variation de la taille du génome dans les deux groupes. La diversité de la taille du génome chez les poissons à nageoires à rayons n’est pas reliée au taux métabolique; il y a cependant une corrélation positive avec la taille des oeufs, ce qui laisse croire qu’il y a des liens avec l’évolution des soins parentaux. Les poissons d’eau douce et les poissons eurybiontes ont de plus grands génomes que leurs équivalents marins et sténobiontes. Bien que la diversité de la taille du génome chez les poissons semble moins clairement liée à une seul facteur biologique comme c’est le cas chez les oiseaux, les mammifères et les amphibiens, notre étude identifie plusieurs taxons particulièrement variables en vue d’études futures. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Hardie and Hebert 1646
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